Overview
Periodontal disease is the most common clinical condition in dogs and cats, yet one of the most overlooked. It starts with plaque and tartar buildup, progresses to inflamed gums (gingivitis), and eventually attacks the bone supporting the teeth. Beyond tooth loss, bacteria from dental disease enter the bloodstream and can damage the heart, kidneys, and liver.
Symptoms to Watch For
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
- Difficulty eating or dropping food
- Pawing at the mouth
- Loose or missing teeth
How Nutrition Helps
Dental-specific diets use larger kibble that mechanically scrubs teeth while chewing. Foods with sodium hexametaphosphate help prevent tartar mineralization. Crunchy treats and dental chews complement brushing. Adequate calcium and phosphorus support strong tooth structure. Vitamin C supports gum tissue health.
Prevention Tips
- Brush your pet's teeth daily if possible
- Use VOHC-accepted dental chews and treats
- Schedule annual professional dental cleanings
- Check gums monthly — they should be pink, not red
- Choose dental-formula kibble for mechanical cleaning
Breeds at Higher Risk
Small breeds are most affected: Yorkshire Terriers, Chihuahuas, Dachshunds, Toy Poodles. Greyhounds and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels also predisposed.