scienceNutrition Science

Vitamins & Minerals for Dogs and Cats

24 essential nutrients explained — understand what your pet needs for a long, healthy life.

warningImportant: more is not better

Over-supplementing vitamins and minerals can be just as harmful as deficiency. A balanced, quality commercial diet already provides everything most pets need. Never add supplements without consulting your veterinarian first.

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Vitamin A

Controls eye health, skin integrity, and immune defense in dogs and cats.

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Vitamin B Complex

Powers energy metabolism, red blood cell production, and nerve function.

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Vitamin C

Antioxidant that supports immune response and joint cartilage repair.

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Vitamin D

Controls calcium absorption and directly determines bone and teeth strength.

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Vitamin E

The body's main fat-soluble antioxidant, boosting immunity and coat quality.

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Vitamin K

Controls blood clotting and supports bone metabolism.

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Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)

The most impactful supplement for coat quality, joint health, and brain function.

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Omega-6 (Linoleic Acid)

Builds and maintains the skin barrier that keeps moisture in and irritants out.

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Calcium

The most abundant mineral in your pet's body, essential for bones, muscles, and nerves.

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Phosphorus

Partners with calcium for bone health but excess accelerates kidney disease.

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Zinc

Powers 200+ enzymes affecting immune function, skin health, and wound healing.

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Iron

Carries oxygen in the blood via hemoglobin, preventing anemia.

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Taurine

Critical amino acid for heart muscle, vision, and bile formation — essential for cats.

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Glucosamine

Building block for cartilage, tendons, and joint fluid — key for senior pets.

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Selenium

Trace mineral that partners with vitamin E as the body's antioxidant defense.

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Copper

Essential for iron metabolism, coat pigmentation, and connective tissue.

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Manganese

Critical for bone development, cartilage formation, and energy metabolism.

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Iodine

Fuels thyroid hormone production, regulating metabolism, heart rate, and growth.

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Magnesium

Involved in 300+ enzymatic reactions for muscle, nerve, and heart function.

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Potassium

Critical for heart function, muscle contraction, and fluid balance.

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Sodium

Regulates fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve function.

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Biotin (Vitamin B7)

The "beauty vitamin" for healthy skin, lustrous coat, and strong nails.

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Choline

Essential for brain function, liver health, and cell membrane integrity.

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L-Carnitine

Transports fatty acids into mitochondria for energy — turns fat into fuel.

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